Business Data Processing

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Business Data Processing

1. Data Processing is defined as a series of actions or operations that converts data into useful information.Thus, data is the raw material of information and just as raw materials are transformed into finished products by a manufacturing process, raw data is transformed into information by data processing.

          Data processing system includes the resources such as people, procedures, and devices that are used to accomplish the processing of data for producing desirable output.

2. A set of programs is provided to facilitate the users in organization, creating, deleting, updating and manipulating their data in database. All these programs together form a Database Management System (DBMS).

3. A database model defines the manner in which the various files of a database are linked together. The four commonly used database models are Hierarchical, Network, Relational and Object-oriented.

             In a Hierarchical database, the data elements are linked in the form of an inverted tree structure with the root at the top and the branches formed below. There is a parent-child relationship among the data elements of a hierarchical database.

            A network database structure is an extension of the hierarchical database structure. In this type of database, a child data element can have more than one parent element or no parent at all.

           In a relational database, the data elements are organized in the form of multiple tables with rows and columns. Each table of the database is stored as a separate file. Each table column represents a data field and each row a data record (also known as a tuple) .The data in one table (or file) is related to data in another table through the use of a common field.

                 A database model that captures object-oriented concepts such as a class hierarchy, inheritance and methods is an object-oriented database model.

 

5. Referential Integrity is a feature of RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) .  It stops input of invalid or in consistent data. It creates the relationship between two tables.

               Let Table B has a foreign key that points to a field in Table A. Referential Integrity will prevent from adding any record to Table B that cannot be linked to Table A. Also if a record be deleted from Table A , records of Table B that are to the deleted record will also be deleted. This is known as Cascading Delete. Further if the value of a linked field in Table A be modified, all records in Table B that are linked to it will also be modified accordingly. This is known as Cascading Updates.

6. Schema (Skee-ma) defines tables, the fields in each table and the relationships between fields and tables in a relational database.